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Stirling Castle

Stirling Castle perched atop its volcanic crag commanding the Forth valley.

Photography: Ross McDowell

At Stirling, the geography does much of the explaining. The castle rises above a crossing that helped shape centuries of Scottish history.

For a long period, control of Stirling meant control of one of the most important routes between southern Scotland and the country further north. That made the castle strategically valuable during periods of war, but Stirling was also one of Scotland's great royal centres. Kings and queens lived here, held court here and invested heavily in the buildings on the summit. What survives is therefore part fortress and part statement of monarchy.

The view from Stirling explains much of the castle’s importance before any building does. River, crossing and surrounding country spread out below, while within the walls royal apartments and formidable defences sit surprisingly close together.

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